
Title: | Parliaments as Peacebuilders in Conflict-Affected Countries (WBI Learning Resources Series) |
Authors: | Mitchell O'Brien, Editor ; Frederick Stapenhurst, Editor ; Niall Johnston, Editor |
Material Type: | printed text |
Publisher: | [S.l.] : World Bank Publications, 2008 |
ISBN (or other code): | 978-0-8213-7579-2 |
Size: | xvi, 237 p. / paperback |
Languages: | English |
Class number: | 328.309 |
Keywords: | Parliament, Peacebuilding, Conflict Resolution, |
Abstract: | Parliament, Peacebuilding, Conflict Resolution, |
Contents note: |
Table of Contents
Foreword Preface Contributors 1. Introduction: Parliaments as Peacebuilders -Rick Stapenhurst, Mitchell O'Brien, and Niall Johnston How Parliaments Can Help Prevent Conflict and Nurture Peace 2 Parliamentary Structure and Functions 2 A Study of Countries' Experiences and Strategies 5 References 10 2. The Nexus Among Parliaments, Poverty Reduction, and Conflict Prevention 11 Mitchell O'Brien The Relationship between Poverty and Conflict 13 The Relationship between Democracy and Conflict 14 The "Development First" Philosophy 16 The Relationship between Democracy and Development 18 Parliaments as the Cornerstone 20 The Way Forward 21 References 23 Declarations 25 3. Making Parliament More Representative 27 Mitchell O'Brien Designing Electoral Systems to Encourage Participation and Representation in Parliament 28 Ensuring Just Representation and Legitimacy through the Electoral Process 31 Working with Election Observers to Ensure a Representative Parliament 34 The Role of the Opposition in Representing the Community's Collective Interests in Conflict Prevention 35 Parliamentary Leadership 38 Conclusion 39 Annex: Management of the 2005 Afghan Parliamentary Elections 41 References 44 Declarations 45 4. Advancing Parliament's Legislative Function in Conflict-Affected Societies 47 Mitchell O'Brien Building a Culture of Cooperation in Parliament 47 Conducting Parliamentary Business 48 Creating a Legislative Agenda for Conflict-Affected Countries 54 Conclusion 60 References 61 Principles and Recommendations 62 5. Creating a Shared Parliament in a Divided Society: Lessons from the Northern Ireland Experience 63 Lord Alderdice Fifty Years of Drift 63 Development of the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement 64 Multiparty Peace Talks and the Belfast Agreement 65 Rights, Responsibilities, and Respect for Minorities 66 Respect and Trust 71 Sharing Power and Serving the Public Interest 72 Rebuilding of the Rule of Law and a Culture of Lawfulness 73 Beyond the Belfast Agreement 75 6. Strengthening Parliamentary Oversight to Prevent Conflict and Reduce Poverty 77 Mitchell O'Brien and Rick Stapenhurst Direct Parliamentary Oversight of the Government 79 Autonomous Accountability Institutions 82 Conclusion 88 References 89 Declarations and Principles 91 7. Parliamentary Oversight of Defense in South Africa 93 Robert J. Griffiths Democratic Transformation and Defense Policy 93 The Establishment of Parliamentary Defense Oversight 94 The Strategic Defense Procurement Package and Parliamentary Oversight 96 The Implications for Defense Oversight 100 References 102 8. Social Accountability--Citizens, Civil Society, and the Media Working with Parliament to Prevent Conflict and Reduce Poverty 105 Mitchell O'Brien Parliament and Constituency Relations 107 Civil Society and Community Groups 109 Civil Society and Diagonal Accountability 111 The Media 112 Conclusion 118 References 118 Treaties, Declarations, and Principles 120 9. The Role of the Rwandan Parliament in Conflict Prevention 121 Robert T. Nakamura The Arusha Accords and Legislative Design 122 The 2003 Constitution and the Bicameral Legislature 125 Parliament as an Instrument for Limiting Political Expression 129 Conclusion 132 References 133 10. Gender Dimensions in Conflict-Affected Countries: The Role of Parliaments 135 Meenakshi Dhar International Commitments to Gender Mainstreaming 136 Situation of Women in Parliaments in Post-Conflict Countries 137 Gender and Peace Processes--Negotiations and Agreements 138 Civil Society Organizations 139 Gender, Justice, and Reconciliation 140 Gender Concerns for Parliament during Political Reconstruction 142 Parliamentary Alliance Building 147 Gender, Parliament, and Economic Development 147 Conclusion 149 References 150 Treaties, Declarations, and Resolutions 151 11. Building Capacity to Manage Conflict and Change: Lessons From Thailand 153 Gregory Cran Conflict in Southern Thailand 154 Labeling of Conflict 155 Escalation of Conflict 156 De-escalation of Conflict 157 Capacity Building to Manage Conflict and Change 159 Effective Leadership 161 Conclusion 162 References 162 12. Military Intervention in Thai Parliamentary Democracy 163 Tarnthong Thongswasdi The 1997 Constitution: Weakening of the Legislature 164 A Dominant Executive Branch 165 Corruption 166 The September 2006 Coup 167 Conclusion 169 Readings 170 13. Broad Strategies for Parliament to Tackle Conflict and Promote Socioeconomic Equality 173 Mitchell O'Brien Promotion of Socioeconomic Equality 174 The Natural Environment 175 Decentralization 177 Rule of Law 180 Conclusion 183 References 184 Principles 186 ? 14. Macroeconomic Challenges in Post-Conflict Countries and the Role of Parliaments 187 Raj Nallari Post-Conflict Economic Policy and the Role of Parliament 189 Stylized Macroeconomic Facts in Post-Conflict Countries 190 Policy Priorities in a Post-Conflict Setting 191 Role of Parliaments in Prioritizing Public Spending and Ensuring Prudent Macroeconomic Policies 192 Parliaments and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) Process 196 Conclusion 198 References 199 15. Regional Parliamentary Peacebuilding and Engagement with International Organizations 201 Niall Johnston Parliamentary Representation of Community Interests in Initiatives Undertaken with Multilateral Development Agencies 202 Development of Informal Networks: The Great Lakes Parliamentary Forum on Peace (AMANI Forum) 204 Participation in Professional Associations: The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association's Commitment to the Harare Declaration 207 Formal Regional Institutions: SADC Parliamentary Forum 208 Conclusion 210 References 210 Declarations 211 16. Toward an Active Participation in Foreign Policy--The Role of the Finnish Parliament in International Conflict Prevention and Crisis Management 213 Teija Tiilikainen Empowering the Finnish Parliament to Participate in International Conflict Management 214 How the Finnish Parliament Has Contributed to International Conflict Resolution 218 Conclusion 223 Annex: The Finnish Parliament in the 21st Century 225 Seppo Tiitinen The 2000 Constitution 226 Leading by Example in Building an Informed Democracy 227 Budgetary and Administrative Autonomy of the Eduskunta 227 17. Conclusion 231 Frannie Leautier Ensuring That Parliament Has a Representative Voice 232 Establishing Accountability 233 Conducting Legislative Business 234 Case Studies Provide Anecdotal Support to the Central Arguments 235 Social Accountability 236 Contributing to Conflict Prevention beyond Parliament's Walls 236 Conclusion 237 ? Box 3.1 Text of the Fox Agreement 36 Figures 1.1 Model of Parliamentary Power 3 2.1 The Conflict Cycle 13 6.1 Horizontal and Vertical Accountability Flows 78 11.1 Interrelationship between Individual and Group Identity 156 11.2 Escalation and De-escalation of Conflict 157 11.3 Interrelational Framework 160 |
Link for e-copy: | https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6a95819-e8a6-5a28-9166-217c476372db/content |
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Barcode | Call number | Media type | Location | Section | Status |
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P408 | 328.309 MIT | Books | PPRC | Books | Available |